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Massumi Associates Blog

I was injured while mountain-biking near Mount Washington in Baltimore and landed on my shoulder / arm pulling my neck and shoulder apart.

I noticed that I had profound pins & needles in my arm and had lost a good bit of my strength in the shoulder and hand.

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Pain Management Techniques

Clinical research is continually being conducted to help determine which pain management therapies are the most effective in treating neuromusculoskeletal and in particular spine, large joint and extremity pain. Most of the clinically substantiated practices that have evolved in the conservative treatment of back pain are now incorporated in pain management programs designed to address pain in a systematic way. In addition, there are many methods of pain management that were not developed, or had not gained wide acceptance, until recently.

There is currently no universally accepted classification of pain management techniques for back pain or neck pain. In general, pain management techniques can be grouped in terms of their invasiveness. Some, such as physical therapy, are not invasive at all and do not inherently involve the use of medications. Other pain management techniques, such as pain medications, are purely pharmacologic in nature, while still others involve invasive techniques such as injections. Some pain management techniques fall into two or more groups, such as injections, which invasively introduce medications into the body.

We can classify the most widely used techniques in terms of the degree of intervention they involve:















Current as of September 7, 2010

September 7, 2010 - As a black child in the early 19th century, Sarah Parker Remond suffered prejudice in the public schools in Salem, Massachusetts, so much of her education came at home.
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